tempcolon The Theme of Colonization in The Tempest Essay

The Theme of Colonization in The Tempest Colony-A member or inhabitant of a colony. A body of emigrants who settle in a remote region but remain under the control of a parent country. --Websters Dictionary Can Prospero be defined as a type of colonist? He does, after all, impose his presence onto an island already inhabited by somebody else, take over control and enslave his predecessor, while at the same time still remaining under the control of his native land. If Prospero represents the colonist, or the white man, then Caliban serves as his counterpart in this discussion. Critics have argued in the past that The Tempests representation of Caliban relates Caliban to the black man, because Caliban, like†¦show more content†¦Caliban argues against Porpseros story about Prosperos arrival on the island and Calibans right as heir to the island, but Caliban does not deny his attempt to rape Miranda. The only thing, oddly enough, the two men do not fight about is the encounter with Miranda, because Caliban accepts the charge. Paul Brown states: The issue here is not whether Caliban is actually a rapist or not, since Caliban accepts the charge (p. 221). Calibans acceptance of the charge is important to understand when interpreting the play. A particular article Griffiths calls a standard deviance of Caliban speaks of the rape as an offence, an unpardonable offence, but one that he was fated to commit (166) and also states that Calibanis unlucky, subjugated, and mistreated and like all these lower peoples, easily misled. This suggests that sexual aggression is linked with a type of low inherent quality, a view that supports racist knowledge. Depending on the context in which this play is analyzed, it appears that different critics feel differently about Caliban and his inferior nature as the savage, uncivilized beast. However, what is apparent is the fact that he, like many colonized individuals, does not completely agree with his colonizer and often questions Propseros stories and ideals. Nevertheless, Caliban still performs his duties for Prospero, because he has no choice. These actions and ideas relate Caliban again to

Mcdonalds Ethical Issues - 1140 Words

Analysis From what we have read and interpreted from the case, the main issue is the ethical criticism of the fast food giant, McDonald, in Europe. By referring to the case, the organizational ethical issues which are filled around McDonald consist of food health, ill-treatment of animals, exploitation of children, and destruction of rainforests. Besides, anti-globalization, anti-American, anti-McDonald’s activism, and Europe governments had also been the concerns and ethical challenges for the fast food giant. First of all, we will touch the field of food health. In this situation, McDonald’s as the world’s leading fast food company has inevitably been first in the firing line. The problem in obesity and health eating has confronted†¦show more content†¦In addition, these incidents had brought great damages to McDonald as it had attracted massive international publicity and media coverage as a wealth of information that critical to the company’s reputation are available through TV programme, documentary film, media articles, books and also a website known as ‘McSpotlight’. Moreover, the big-Mac was ‘under attack’. McDonald’s was at a crisis in 2002 as the company posted its first ever quarterly loss. Its share price was at a lowest by 2003. And the profits for McDonald’s in UK plummeted by 70 percent. This showed the circumstances from the unethical deeds by the fast-food giant. Such incidents can be taken as one of the major problems face by the world-leading fast food restaurant. The company has been performed well in the international market. Somehow, its accusations on the organisational ethics had caused the company to encounter such crisis in their business. This is rather a bad impact to McDonald’s either in its strategic planning or its managerial board management and decision making. Furthermore, the company might found it easy to enter the market of United States but it was another story in Europe. Europe is not so positive about the corporation’s approach and had protested it for the past few decades. As the fast-food giant entersShow MoreRelatedMcdonalds Ethical Issues1125 Words   |  5 Pageshave read and interpreted from the case, the main issue is the ethical criticism of the fast food giant, McDonald, in Europe. By referring to the case, the organizational ethical issues which are filled around McDonald consist of food health, ill-treatment of animals, exploitation of children, and destruction of rainforests. Besides, anti-globalization, anti-American, anti-McDonald’s activism, and Europe governments had also been the concerns and ethical challenges for the fast food giant. First ofRead MoreMcdonald s Strength And Weakness1280 Words   |  6 PagesThis report will evaluate McDonald’s strength and weakness in terms of their ethical claims. The main aim of this report is to consider the reasons why McDonalds has been criticized by most of its consumers in terms of its pollution to its environment and the destruction natural rain forest, furthermore this report will discuss the nutrition effect McDonalds has on its consumers and the unhealthy meals that is produced by the company and how it courses obesity and health issues to its consumers. Read MoreMcDonalds: Ethical Responsibility1358 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonald’s: Ethical Responsibility Small business owners of fortune 500 companies, democrats, republicans, men and women all have ethical responsibilities that should always be considered. Mc Donald’s is a well-known restaurant around the world. Some people enjoy this fast food restaurant and also have made Mc Donald’s one of the leading fast food companies. Although, Mc Donald may have some tasty food, there are still many critics that think Mc Donald’s may have a lot of ethical issues and companyRead MoreBusiness Ethics Of The Fast Food Industry1681 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper – Unethical Businesses McDonald’s Background Mcdonald’s is an interesting coming when it comes to ethical behavior. They try to do such a good job building a public image supporting illnesses and other contemporary issues, however they continue to have awful menus leading to many health problems. The fast food industry is despicable when it comes to healthy lifestyles, and if we continue to promote this to our children and grandchildren the obesity issues facing our country will continueRead MoreEthical Challenges Faced By Mcdonald s1338 Words   |  6 PagesEthical challenges faced by McDonald’s Introduction Globalization and industrialization has influenced international business and ethics to consider a different approach to culture. There are certain perspectives to culture which demand change in the organizational and managerial functions. International companies today formulate separate business plans to strategically overcome cultural and ethical challenges in host countries. Globalization has internationally integrated the world with respectRead MoreInternal And External Factors Affecting Mcdonalds1468 Words   |  6 PagesII (A). INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING MCDONALDS Due to globalization and increased competition in the fast food industry, a very complex environment is created for McDonald’s. There are various internal and external environmental factors affecting the functions of McDonald’s corporation and demands for new innovations. The factors are as follows: Internal Factors: Internal factors are the factors within the company, which affects the success and operation of business. The company canRead MoreEthical Issues Facing McDonalds1772 Words   |  7 PagesProblem/Issue Identification Ethical Issues Facing McDonalds McDonalds puts in a lot of effort in supporting children with severe diseases. However, the diet this company offers contributes to heart diseases, asthma, obesity, and likely even mad cow disease. Adults and children are getting the wrong message in the society today. For instance, around 59 of 250 hospitals house fast food restaurants. Expenditure on fast foods from McDonalds has been on the rise as years pass by. The company has beenRead MoreCross Cultural Ethical Perspectives993 Words   |  4 PagesCross-Culture Ethical Perspectives Amanda Bravo, Mary Malone, Doneice Johnson, Jose Robledo, Kanosha Mitchell, Josephine Johnson ETH/316 September 24, 2012 Bette Bellefeuille Cross-Culture Ethical Perspectives Globalization is common in most large organizations as they thrive to maximize revenue and expand customer base by establishing operations in different countries and within different cultures. Consequently, these organizations have to consider cultural perspectives of the countryRead MoreEthical Issues Of Mcdonald s A Public Company1272 Words   |  6 PagesETHICAL ISSUES Corporate Governance McDonald’s is a public limited company, meaning that ownership of the company is open for sale to the public. This may cause problems within the company in the instance that McDonald’s wanted to propose a change in their company. This means that the request would have to go through all the stakeholders in the company first. And since McDonald’s is a public company, it would be mean even more of a hassle trying to get all the stakeholders to agree to a newRead MoreStrengths And Strengths Of Mcdonald s1262 Words   |  6 PagesStrengths Strengths of McDonald’s in relation to its three motivation principles for a sustainable supply chain include the safe and high quality products without supply interruption.Safe and quality products go hand and hand with each other.Safe products include both the human and environmental safety aspects, and high quality products exceed the typical standards for products. Human safety from McDonald’s items include the USDA approved food standards, as well as each other country’s nationally

Nature Walk Free Essays

Naturally Urban It’s a bizarre concept, really. The idea of large natural parks smack dab in the middle of large cities. But I guess no one put them there, but rather we’ve built up around them. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature Walk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nature is defined as â€Å"the natural world as it exists without human beings or civilization. † When people talk about â€Å"nature† the first thing that generally comes to mind is picturesque landscapes fit for calendars and desktop backgrounds. A Google image search of the word nature returns over 3,290,000,000 results of too good to be true photos of waterfalls, canyons, mountains, palm trees and lagoons. Each of these landscapes seems to be a snapshot of some distant natural beauty that is somewhere far away from industrialization. Not one image hints at the idea of human interference. The message these pictures convey is that nature exists only completely disconnected from human life and civilization. Similarly, a common first thought response to the world â€Å"wildlife† is visions of large animals roaming jungles and deserts and forests, in deep unpopulated areas. I’ll admit that I definitely perceived nature this way for a good amount of time. Recently, however, I’ve adopted a new idea. Obviously influenced by living in the Bronx and having to re-adjust to the concept of nature, I think I’ve developed a greater appreciation of it. Van Cortlandt Park, spanning over 1,146-acres and ranking as the fourth largest park in New York City sits right next to me. In New York, it boasts one of the highest rates of rare plant species and is home to wildlife not seen many other places in the city. On paper in comparison to many of our countries national parks and wildlife conservancies, it is an unimpressive blip in the guide book. But I’ll argue that picture perfect landscapes in the middle of nowhere have less to prove than a deeply nature rich park competing with the urban spectacle of one of the biggest cities in the world. I think it’s the stark contrast that allows for a deeper appreciation of what nature is. I couldn’t explain this in words until I walked from my apartment down to Van Cortlandt Park for the first time. When I walk out of the front door of my three story walk up-overpriced-student apartment- I’m immediately greeted by the familiar scent of garbage piling up on my curb and the sight of scaffolding for construction that never seems to be finished, if it’s even been started. Walking down 238th street the air is thick with the aromas of Chinese food and pizza and that weird stale beer smell that wafts out of Fenwick’s bar in the daylight. Deranged looking squirrels are fighting over what looks to be the sorry end of a bacon egg and cheese thrown on the ground. A standard lulling sound of traffic, people and bustle is all I can really hear. Strangely, as I descend upon the steep 238th stairs down to Broadway, what lies ahead is an even more urban and bustling scene. The stairs themselves are a treat as well. The pits that lay on either side of the railings are filled with a grab bag selection of beer bottles, soda cans, plastic bags and any other trash someone couldn’t throw in a garbage can. The stairs are also shadowed by two high rise apartment buildings packing in more people than I could probably imagine. As I get closer to Broadway the focus seems to be on the loud rumble and screeching of the subway overhead, with lots of people racing up the stairs to get on. Walking on Broadway towards the park is dark and shady from the subway. When I near 242nd street, I could throw a rock to 4 different fast food places, a liquor store and a few bars. Gypsy cab drivers are standing around the Dunkin Donuts acting as friendly loiterers but asking if I need a ride. I contemplate grabbing an iced coffee but then feel strange about bringing it into the park as I attempt to experience nature. My caffeine fix can wait I guess. Crossing the street to the park entrance is almost laughable. Dodging four lanes of traffic and a bus route, I find myself standing safely on the other side. After shuffling around a crowd of people waiting for the bus, I enter the park and walk towards the conservancy. Would it be dramatic for me to say the air changed? I’m willing to say that it did. I kid you not it was fresher. The sound of the subway was gone and the air felt like something you were happy to breathe in. It smelled like good old fashion nature. I smell dirt and grass and its lacking any cheap food stench. The conservancy looks as old-world as the rest of the park makes you feel. The stones are weathered and the architecture is a far cry from high-rises and bodegas. Walking further into the trail I notice you can feel the life in the area. Without the outside noises I can feel every crunching footstep and ever rustle in the leaves. I’m not one to notice birds, but for some reason I take note of a few flying in and out of the tree line. Looking at the different plants is interesting. Something I would normally just classify as leaves I notice there is a great variety. My mind wanders to survival. My school bag suddenly feels like a bag of supplies and I feel like I’m in an episode of LOST. That makes me smile when I remember I can still probably throw a rock and hit Burger King. The trees are magnificent. Tall and dignified and old. The understory trees are strong and full. I fall victim to technology when I find myself trying to lookup what kinds of trees they are on my phone. Understory tree species come up as Ironwood, American Hop Hornbeam, and Flowering Dogwood. The taller trees yield results of Tulip Tree, Red Oak, White Oak, Bitternut Hickory, Sweet Gum and White Pine. The pictures are so tiny on my phone I can barely use it as a guide. I make a mental note to look when I get home. I sit down for a minute to try and get a full surroundings view. It feels really nice to be sitting here in this beauty. I feel like I haven’t seen this many trees in a long time. I don’t really see much animal life besides a few squirrels and birds, but I know it’s there. I can feel movement in the space. Insects of a dozen different kinds are under a rock I turn over which is cool. Bugs don’t scare me and I like knowing where to find them. They’re so small and seem particularly hard to identify. I check my phone and realize I should probably head out if I plan on making it to my next class on time. I’m going to need to follow the same route back to campus. Over the traffic and up the stairs out of this haven I’m in right now. It’s sad to say this is the first time I’ve done this, sat here and enjoyed the park. I’ll need to come back for sure and spend more time. Replacing the movement of people and things out on Broadway with trees and wildlife down here is an amazing feeling. I’m almost positive this place would not seem so beautiful if the urban landscape of the rest of the Bronx wasn’t right outside the gates. How to cite Nature Walk, Essay examples

Project & Program Management for Scheduling and Controlling

Question: Discuss about theProject Program Management for Scheduling and Controlling. Answer: Portfolio Entry 1 The case study suggests two definitions of project management as well as program management. The manager of Megatronic defined project management as cost reduction and sustaining effort used for the conversion of products. On the other hand, program management helps in launching new products in the market. The difference between the two concepts is provided vividly that make the concept clear for understanding. In this regard, it can be said that the fact about a program being a part of several projects can be used to define the term in a proper manner. The company does not allow projects to align with the strategies made in the business. This can be an area of improvement as managing a project needs to be done based on proper strategic decisions. The fact that a program manager needs to communicate properly with every member has been defined nicely in the case study. Portfolio Entry 2 The case study provides details about the problems faced by James, a program manager in Mega Security. The problem faced by James is that of selecting the right fire extinguishing system for the new building. Kerzner (2013) stated that in order to make critical decisions it is necessary that a manager enlist the opinions of all employees in an organisation. However, in this case, James received no such assistance in terms of coming to a proper conclusion. From a program perspective, effective leadership could have managed this issue. James needed to influence the people and consider all the options keeping in mind the objective of the company. The financial stability, urgency and the loyalty of the suppliers are an important aspect that needed to be considered before making a decision. Given the quotations sent by the suppliers, the company Fire Extinguisher seems to be the best option for Mega Security. Portfolio Entry 3 The program strike concept is important in order to maintain a record of the progress made towards achieving critical success factors (Burke, 2013). The important aspects of a company need to be measured in order to allow a team to function properly around it. The management needs to approve the threshold of the team before it can be empowered to other team members in the company. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed before implementing the program strike zone. One of the challenges that program strike zone pose is the fact that at every step, decisions of the managers, as well as the program team, needs to be considered. This can slow the progress of a project, as the opinions of the program team and the managers may not be available promptly. Hence, application of this concept requires the managers to remain active and prepared for making quick decisions. Portfolio Entry 4 The statement mentioned provides a difference between the concept of project management and program management. It has been stated that program management is an updated version than the project manager. This is mainly because under program management individuals can develop the scope that can help in building a strong future. The program manager is said to take up responsibilities that are attributed to the launch of a product. This can help in enhancing the skill set of the individuals. Shtub et al., (2014) stated that project management does not provide a scope of improvement. The fact that program management is a part of project management justifies the extent to which program management can be utilised effectively in an organisational scenario. Individual projects do not provide opportunities to explore the elements that are required for improving the skill set of an individual. Bibliography Biggin, A. B., Collins, L. K., Farrell, M., Gallant, T. G., Hann, C. D., Hewitt, A. E., ... Robinson, J. T. (2014). Student Independent Projects Psychology Programs 2014. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. de Oliveira, A. A. B., Bisconsini, C. R., Teixeira, F. C., Kravchychyn, C., Barbosa-Rinaldi, I. P., Reppold, F. (2016). Continuing education in sports social projects and programs: a case study.Movimento,22(3), 901-916. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013).Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Mir, F. A., Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), 202-217. Patanakul, P., Srivannaboon, S. (2010). Case studies in project, program, and organizational project management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Quinlan, J. R. (2014).C4. 5: programs for machine learning. Elsevier. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Shtub, A., Iluz, M., Gersing, K., Oehmen, J., Dubinsky, Y. (2014). Implementation of lean engineering practices in projects and programs through simulation based training.PM World Journal,3(3). Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

What Determines Manhood Essay Example For Students

What Determines Manhood? Essay A man is not defined by his muscles, his facial hair, what he wears, what he drives, or by how much money he makes. The common assumption a lot of guys have is that being male automatically makes them men. Dont get me wrong a person must be male to be a man, but it is not the sole qualification for becoming a good man. A real man is one who takes care of lifes responsibilities. Such responsibilities may include obligations to family, friends, career, and community. A real man is a role model and he respects women.Negative media that degrades women does not influence a real man. Real men dont measure themselves by the success of other men. Real men dont quit. Real men are mentally strong as well as physically strong. Real men are open-minded; they are not racist, sexist, or homophobic. Real men respect the opposing viewpoints of others even though they may disagree with them. A real man values education and is always ready to learn. A real man is confident in himself but he is not arr ogant. A real man knows himself and his limits.A boy grows from a teenager to a man when he reaches certain milestones in his life. When a teenager graduates from high school he is no longer considered a child. He must go and make a productive life for himself. When a guy gets a job, starts college, earns his drivers license, opens his own bank account, starts paying bills, begins to date, and he begins to make his own decisions in life, he should be considered a man. Some kids grow up quick; therefore I believe that a man cannot be defined by age. A boy becomes a man as soon as he is successfully able to handle adult responsibilities. Some kids are not only expected to attend school and get good grades but they also have to deal with chores, run errands, and act as the man of the house because there is no father around. These kids learn the importance of family early and are often put under more physical and mental stress than the average adolescent is.Family is the foundation of o ur society and the father is a major part of the family foundation. Having children scattered across the country doesnt prove a persons manhood. A man should love his wife, but if for whatever reason they are unable to stay together, he should not hold his children responsible. A real man would never desert his family. Any guy can have a child but only a real man can be a good father to his child. Many children are negatively effected when there is no father present in the home. A father must provide guidance, support, and love to his children.The man is also responsible for at least fifty percent of the family income. He should make sure that all of the familys needs are met. A man is responsible for keeping food in the fridge and clothes on his childrens backs. He has to pay the utility bills, which include, water, electric, gas, the phone, etc. A family needs a good house to live in; therefore the man needs to keep the mortgage paid. The family car has to stay gassed up and in go od working order. The car note and the insurance need to be paid. The wife and kids will need health insurance, and so does the house.Friends are also an important part of family. People cannot lead healthy lives without friends who they trust and are able to confide in. A good man is loyal to his friends. Not only does he hang out with them and go to parties but also he is there for them in times of need. A good friend listens and gives practical advice when it is asked of him. Friends do favors for each other. A real man is a good friend.If a man expects to financially support his family he must have a career that will allow him to comfortably do so. There are not many options for good employment available to men that dont have a college education. Most men who do not have a good education must settle for menial labor jobs, which require little skill and education. The average menial labor job pays small wages. The cost of living is constantly rising and it is harder to support a family with these types of jobs. A man is not defined by what he does or by how much money he makes, but if he cannot earn enough money to handle his responsibilities, he is not a real man. A real man strives to be the best that he can be. An adult male with three children cannot handle his responsibilities with a weekly check from McDonalds unless he is a store manager or a franchise owner. If a person is flipping burgers at thirty-five than they havent tried to be the best that they could be.All of a mans responsibilities tie in to his obligation to his surrounding community. A persons community consists of a city or town, state, and country. A man fulfills his duty to his community by successfully carrying out the demands of manhood. A man is expected to be a good citizen. A good man works, pays taxes, and votes. A real a man raises his children to be good citizens as well. A man should respect women. A good man keeps his house in order and helps keep his neighborhood clean. Real man care about the environment and they contribute to society through their work. Men have a lot of responsibilities to take care of in life. It is the real men that handle these responsibilities and emerge as the leaders of society. .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .postImageUrl , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:hover , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:visited , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:active { border:0!important; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:active , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Levine, Jake Essay We will write a custom essay on What Determines Manhood? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Sarah goodwin Essays

Sarah goodwin Essays Sarah goodwin Essay Sarah goodwin Essay Stakeholder analysis Secondary social stakeholders Primary social stakeholder Government Sarah Other buyers and department store chains Convenience store Ghetto community Prestigious department store chain Maria Sarah is a primary stakeholder because she holds the decision whether or not to call the ghetto community In Southern California. Thus, she holds high power, legitimacy, and urgency. Although she Is Just an assistant to the buyer, Maria gave Sarah the duty to call the convenience store, so it is ultimately up to Sarah to call or not. She olds a lot of power in this case because her decision can result in: potential issues with the law, diseases among the people In the ghetto, a scarred conscience, or even an end to her career. She also holds legitimacy because she works directly in the department and is holding the decision to operate. If she decides to give the infected wafers to the convenience store and inspectors find out, the blame will not only be on Sarah, but It will be on the entire chain. The people that would benefit from this are the store because they are trying to get back the money lost. The people that would be harmed are the customers of both stores and the store with the infestation. The people whose rights are being more certain are the store that has the infestation because the manager wants to get back the $9,000 by selling them to the Ghetto store. The people who are being wronged are the store who the product Is being sold too. They are under the Impression that they are getting a quality product but they are not. The moral problem is should Sarah sell the bug infested wafer product to the other store in the Ghetto. The economic outcomes are to gain back $9,000. There are not really any legal requirements against this. There are several ethical duties that this case violates. This violates the self ?Interest, personal virtues, religious injunctions, universal duties, and the distributive justice ethical principal. In the long term this action may result in higher profit but may cause future retaliation from customers, make them lose credibility, trust, and respect from customers. Many of the customers may not come to the store ever again (self-interest). People should be open, truthful, honest, moderate, and proud. This idea will not result in honesty, truthfulness, being proud, and moderate (personal virtues). This idea is not kind, compassionate, and doesnt create a sense of community (religious injunctions). Every person should be treated with diddling and respect. The customers In the Ghetto are not being treated this way (universal duties). Actions should never harm the least of us which would be the poor; this action doesnt follow this (distributive justice). Sarahs manager wants her to call this store in the Ghetto and sell these insect Infested wafers to gain back the profit. The manufacturer would not give a refund because they felt It was not their fault. If Sarah doesnt follow the command of her manager seen could lose near Jon. IT I were In tans position I would not sell ten products to the Ghetto store. My values cant let me be dishonest and I would look for a new job because I couldnt work with a manger that solves problems this way. Regardless f the legal dimension, which entails the sale of wafers, which will result in cases of poisoning and complaints and prosecutions legal may result in compensation a cash huge short-term as well as long-term, the companys reputation will be damaged, which negatively affects the results of the company and its financial performance values greater than the value that will sell the wafer. Must take into account the human and moral dimension of the impact on the process of the sale of the wafer where the affected category is likely to be the biggest beneficiary of the class. Some attitudes and situations may need to interpret and analyze even reach the employee in which the moral decision and those cases are very complicated either in such a case all the evidence suggests that in the case of approval on the sale, it means that the decision is not a moral consequent harm to others. Sarah said to be refusing to contact and try to convince Maria risk impact on it and describes the effects of the economic, legal and ethical implications, If Maria is not convinced that Sarah must go top management and explain the situation.

I don't have one Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I don't have one - Research Paper Example For instance, in the manuscript, the narrator (a depressed woman) seems to be suffering from a certain mental disorder. However, it is evident that her position regarding her own health is overlooked. Therefore, in this view, this document will look into Gilman’s short story, and thereby analyze the role of women in the earlier part of the 1800. Most societies, including the developed nations had a negative attitude towards women. This is evidently supported by Gilman’s work. In the 1800, women did not have any rights to express their ideas even in matters regarding their health (physical, as well as psychological). As a result, decision-making process was a preserve of the men, who the women considered superior. In fact, the society expected women to be exceptionally submissive to their husbands, and be an assistant to their husbands instead of complaining about ‘trivial matters’. This is ironical, since the challenges facing the women are not trivial and constitute to their daily sufferings. Moreover, the society overlooks women sufferings as mere pretences. Moreover, Gilman emphasizes that men had the sole responsibility of determining the degree of women sufferings, and thereby determine whether it required attention or not. For instance, the narrator, (the woman) is suffering from an extremely serious nervous disorder. However, the husband ignores this and even claims that she is not sick. Moreover, the society supports this, since it is evident that they (family and associates) also believe in the husband’s perspective concerning the narrator’s health. Besides, despite their predicaments, women are not supposed to complain. Besides, women might have better ideas that might improve the health. Gilman depicts the narrator as having better ways to boost her health. She even claims to disagree with their idea of forbidding her to work, since this might boost her health. However, she cannot put

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Good Leadership, a Prelude to Cooperate Feat - Research Paper Example What many flout is that prelude to its fall; Enron had a fully-fledged, state of the art and even award-winning management team. How could such a jolly turnout to be so bad, what was being overlooked? The answer lies in its leadership and organization’s culture. In this paper, a review of the management, leadership and organization culture of Enron is discussed. More specifically the leadership style of Jeffery Skilling as the CEO of this corporation will be analyzed and how his approach to leadership was principal to the eventual fall of Enron. According to Forbes magazine’s Amy Rees, a company cannot afford to have poor leadership if its main aim is a success both monetarily and otherwise. Whenever a company has good leadership, employee retention, morale, corporate culture, good communication, integrity, and employee satisfaction are inevitable. These factors serve to catapult a firm to even greater heights. Ross Perot one of greatest visionary of our time once said that leaders have to lead by example and inspire people, not try to manage or manipulate them, only inventory could be managed, people just have to be lead. To do an extensive SWOT analysis on the thesis statement of this paper, it is vital to detail what good leadership entails. What character traits, type, or style of leadership makes a good leader? In the 20th century most scholars believed that leaders were born, not built, you had to have inborn qualities that were vital to leadership. While to some extent these assumptions still hold, for the most part, today it is possible to become a leader through learning the ropes or by instilling character traits such as charisma, integrity, or assertiveness in oneself. In short, Leadership can be taught (Giuliani & Kurson, 2002).

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How the marketing plan of Sainsbury supports strategic objectives

How the marketing plan of Sainsbury supports strategic objectives To discuss the strategic marketing in particulars first i would like to discuss the definition of strategic marketing so any marketing strategy which makes the company or organisation future scenario brighter or stronger is known as the strategic marketing. http://lexicon.ft.com/term.asp?t=strategic-marketing The example of the organisation whose marketing strategy i would like to discuss here is Sainsbury and we would see and discuss its strategic marketing policies from different perspectives and angles and try to discuss all different tools and techniques Sainsbury uses to make its marketing strategy so before starting our work here is the little introduction of Sainsbury as an organisation. John Sainsbury created the corporation approximately 140 years ago. Sainsbury objective has always been to give their clients with healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food. In fact, Sainsbury aim is to be the most excellent for food and health and in 2006 they were ranked top for health by the National Consumer Council. This tribute was achieved not least because of their trade-leading manifold traffic light dietary labelling system, which they have rolled out to approximately 4,000 produce. It was also a consequence of the hard work they have made to get rid of hydrogenated vegetable oils, taste enhancers, fake colours, aspartame and saccharin from their foodstuff, to thrash government targets on salt decrease and connect clients in open, honest dispute about the barriers to well eating. But being ranked the best for foodstuff and healthiness will mean nothing unless they struggle to keep that position. This year they will be operational even harder to encourage their clients and social group to live vigorous lifestyles and to continue to make the commodities they sell as fresh, healthy and reasonable as they can. http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/cr2007/index.asp?pageid=86 LO1. how the marketing plan of Sainsbury supports strategic objectives To discuss this further first we will have to see what are the strategic objectives of Sainsbury .Sainsbury has five core objectives which are as follows. Great food at great prices To make on and stretch the guide in food. By contribution of customers passion for healthy, safe, fresh and delicious food, Sainsburys will carry on to bring new and provide path in delivering excellent products at lighprices, sourced with dependability. increasing the growth of complementary non-food ranges and service To go on to accelerate the growth of non-food ranges and services following the ethics of quality and value and to give a broader shopping knowledge for customers. Reaching more consumers through extra channels To enlarge the reach of Sainsburys brand by opening new expediency stores and developing the online operations. Growing supermarket space To enlarge the Companys store estate, aggressively seeking and initialising a pipeline of fresh stores and extending the mainly under-developed store collection to provide an even better food offer while also rising space for non-food ranges. Active property management The ownership of possessed assets gives operational litheness and the utilization of potential growth opportunities will maximise value. http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar10/businessreview/corporateobjectives.shtml Now after analysing these major objectives of Sainsbury we can see how the dissimilar the marketing plan of Sainsbury impact on these objectives. The strategy of the Sainsbury impacts on the marketing plan before discussing this topic we will have to observe what is the dissimilarity between marketing strategy and marketing plan . marketing strategy is a outline of your companys products and position in relation to the rivalry; your sales and marketing tactics are the exact actions youre going to undertake to achieve the goals of your marketing strategy. So in effect, you cant have a marketing plan exclusive of a marketing strategy. But a marketing plan without a marketing strategy is a misuse of time. The marketing strategy gives the goals for your marketing plans. It informs you where you should go from here. The marketing plan is the exact roadmap thats going to get you there. http://sbinfocanada.about.com/cs/marketing/a/marketingplan.htm TV is an significant part of our medium mix delivering both sales returns and creative flexibilty with a mixture of spot advertising and sponsorship. Anna Shirley, National Advertising Manager, Sainsbury Sainsbury requirements to reach all customers with its Try Something New Today campaign TV is used to emphasize the brands exceptional range of new food ideas split of the grocery marketplace increases year on year The impacts Sainsburys advertising strategy is designed to get people off the shopping treadmill and into more courageous eating. beneath the strap line Try Something New Today inaugurated in September 2005 the store and representative Jamie Oliver aim to revive the nations kitchens with more interesting meals. The confront is the make sure this message delivers out from rivals persistent focus on every day low prices. Sainsburys wants to communicate that not only can it supply great excellence at good prices but also that its the only store giving such a wide variety of useful ideas. As a main supermarket it also has to express this message to the as broad group of people as possible. The plan is to reach all possible Sainsburys customers and not just the well off. http://www.thinkbox.tv/server/show/ConCaseStudy.763 the component parts in marketing plan of Sainsbury à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ huge food at fair prices: To construct on and make bigger the lead in food. By input customers · passion for healthy, safe, fresh and delicious food, Sainsbury ·s will carry on to innovate and provide guidance in delivering quality products at reasonable prices, sourced with honesty. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ accelerating the enlargement of balancing non-food range and services: To continue to go faster the growth of non-food ranges and services next the principles of excellence and value and to give a broader shopping experience for clients. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ getting more consumers through additional channels: To expand the reach of Sainsburys brand by opening new expediency stores and just beginning the online home delivery business. in spite of current financial conditions these principles remain important for consumers who give Sainsburys most credit among the four main supermarkets for addressing the issues of most worrying to them. (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() 1.3Issues of risk within a marketing plan of Sainsbury Sainsburys pattern for risk evaluation is reviewed at regular intervals as is a suppliers status and this may vary as the corporation learns more about the site or as standard develop. Sainsburys policy is to intend for constant development of sites by establishing suitable improvement tactics with sensible timescales. The risk evaluation process joint with the assessment of risk significance for countries enables Sainsburys to prioritise its monitoring plan. The pecking order for monitoring is: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Self assessments by suppliers (low risk) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Visits by Quality Managers/Quality Assurance Managers (medium and high risk) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ outside audits (medium and high risk) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢various-stakeholder monitoring (through ETI pilots) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Working with business to undertake industry wide issues e.g. commodities such as cocoa and coffee High and medium risk suppliers overall current status: Sainsburys has 262 elevated and medium risk straight suppliers. Of these, 155 have received an outside audit during the last two years. Some 15 sites are still to receive an audit and Sainsburys plans to fund and complete these over the next few months. The balance of 87 was audited in2001.These suppliers are calculated high or medium risks because they source from high or medium risk countries. Those suppliers who have not before done so will concentrate three supplier workshops in 2010. These will highlight Sainsburys expectations that suppliers bring in monitoring further along the supply chain and focus on action plans going forward. Monitoring in 2010- summary: Audits have been approved out in 40 countries. More cooperation have been identified in 2006 than in 2007 due to a change in reporting style. In 2004, if auditors had picked up three issues on one audit it was only raised as one nonconformity. This year Sainsburys has reported them individually. It was decided in the strategy check at the end of 2001 that all suppliers would complete a self appraisal form, which would be held on site. The level of fulfilment to this policy is being assessed as part of an overall supplier fulfilment procedure audit looking at due thoroughness within the supply chain. In summary: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 468 self-assessments by suppliers to date à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 163 visits by Quality Managers/Quality Assurance Managers http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/er_2002_eti.pdf 2. 1 levels of importance of each component to Identify the the plan You cant do a marketing plan exclusive of getting many people concerned. No issue what your size, get advice from all parts of your corporation: finance, manufacturing, workers, supply and so onin adding to marketing itself. This is particularly important because it will catch all aspects of your corporation to create your marketing plan work. Your key people can give sensible input on whats attainable and how your goals can be reached, and they can split any insights they have on any prospective, as-yet-unrealized marketing opportunities, adding another aspect to your plan. If youre fundamentally a one-person management operation, youll have to show off all your hats at one timebut at least meetings will be short! Whats the association involving your marketing plan and your business plan or vision statement? Your business plan spells out what your company is aboutwhat you do and dont do, and what your final goals are. It encompasses further than marketing; it can include talks of locations, recruitment, financing, strategic alliances and so on. It includes the vision thing, the booming words that spell out the magnificent purpose of your company in stirring language. Your business plan is the U.S. Constitution of your business: If you want to do something thats exterior the business plan, you need to also change your mind or modify the plan. Your companys business plan gives the surroundings in which your marketing plan must grow. The two documents must be reliable. http://www.entrepreneur.com/marketing/marketingbasics/marketingplan/article43018.html 2.2 mitigation strategies for high risk components of the plan Ever-changing patterns in client insist, globalization, multi-channel sharing, outsourced built-up, increased competition, security pressure, economic instability, and a growing focus on sustainability all add to the difficulty of supply chains. The slump especially has highlighted the call for to build a risk-proof supply chain thats more able of dealing with market fluctuations, cost instability and local political instability. Climate modify poses another layer of risk to the supply chain, as more harsh and regular climate patterns threaten physical assets, such as industrialized plants, as well as food supplies and access to safe, steady sources of energy. British grocery leader Sainsburys warns that the short-term and long-term turbulences to its supply chain from weather change could considerably increase the functioning costs for suppliers, which would, in turn, brunt its business. Variable product prices around natural resources such as oil and food products and fuel prices also have a crash on the business. Sainsbury of late won the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply Awards 2009 for its work on a zero food waste to landfill project, which will use anaerobic absorption technology to turn all of its food waste into electricity by 2012, rather than burying it in the ground. This will also save the corporation money, as the government is brusquely increasing landfill taxes year-on-year to dishearten profligate practices. Sainsburys CEO Justin King said working with suppliers to decrease the supermarkets own carbon and energy bill is absolutely essential. http://www.supplychaindigital.com/taking-command-supply-chain 2.3 marketing plan of Sainsbury So Sainsburys is next to Tesco into the world of buy one, get another later deals. Sainsburys is starting the marketing promotion Buy Now, Free Next Time. customers will get a coupon at the till point offer them the chance to claim a second product during their next shop, rather than choose it out instantly as in present buy one, get one free offers. The system will first open as a test in 470 Sainsburys stores to see if it attracts customers using just two goods white baguette sticks and Pampers brand nappies. clients will have two weeks to convert the vouchers and only four items implicated in the scheme can be used per deal., it has yet to open its version in stores, giving Sainsburys the obvious advantage in innovating how it executes its marketing promotions. (http://brandstrategy.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/sainsburys-joins-tesco-in-buy-one-get-one-later-deals/) 3.1 the plan of Sainsbury to support strategic objectives Start with a careful scrutiny and clear indulgent of the strategy and objectives of your business. What is the corporate growth strategy? This wide understanding is important for at most for three reasons. First, marketing knowledge is required to employ theoretical corporate strategy. Second, important marketing decisions such as which market niches to tackle, manufactured goods distribution channels, and direct marketing plans run directly from business strategy. And third, top management thinking and state of mind should provide the base for initialising the strategic marketing plan. Begin by recognising your strategic business unit (SBU). This might be an whole company, a dissection, a product line, or a single product, as long as that unit is a split body for planning purposes (i.e., has its own management, admittance to resources, competitors, positioning plan, and customers). An SBU must be great enough to be a significant unit for strategy formulation and assessment, yet small enough for efficient preparation and marketing management. There are four important elements to strategic planning at the SBU level: recognition of the business position Analysis choice of strategies organization of controls What business are you in? In promotion Myopia, his classic 1976 article published in Harvard Business Review, Theodore Levitt pointed out that many organisations have gotten themselves in deep problem because they unsuccessful to understand just precisely what business they were in. After knowing the nature of your business, move to a Situation Analysis, which might also be referred to as a marketing audit. You should do such reviews regularly to confine a picture of your current status. Your situation, of course, includes both external and internal components. External check Financial-demographic variables. Financial forces are always significant; for example, an growing economy has basically different implication than one that is in economizing. You must also realize demographic factors, and particularly demographic shifts. Technological variables, which now change at fast speed. New procedures, new goods, and new markets for formerly unimagined goods are the norm. certainly, the stipulate for new products/service can vigour you into obsolescence if you dont keep up. You simply cant pay for to ignore this aspect. Political-legal variables, counting regulatory and tax issues, reporting needs, and the innumerable other issues that crash your business. The comparative impact depends on your sector, as management policies that are good for one sector can do important damage to another sector. Sociocultural variables, the slight market and psychosomatic forces that change demand patterns and market dynamics. Internal check. Then turn to a full review of internal processes, as well as information systems, product position, competition, delivery channels, market development, sales reimbursement, marketing costs, and expense budgets. This picture gives you an objective stage from which to jump into the meat of the strategic planning development. http://www.asiamarketresearch.com/columns/market4.htm 3.2 An approach of Sainsbury to gain agreement for the marketing plan Sainsburys also developed a strong private-label program. By the mid-1990s, its own-label products brought 68 percent of total sales. Four of the companys other products in particular made headlines in the early 1995s. Novon, a laundry detergent introduced in 1992, brought Sainsburys move into head-to-head competition with national brands. Within just six weeks of Novonas introdion the companys share of the detergents market doubled to 23 percent. In 1995, Sainsburys changed the formulation and packaging of its own cola beverage, reininventing it as Classic Cola. The budget-priced cola featured red cans with italicized letters and a stripe; ads promoted the drinks Original American Taste. Within just a few weeks, Classic Cola won 14 percent of Britains total cola market, while sales of both Coca-Cola and Pepsi at Sainsbury stores plummeted. Not surprisingly, an incensed Coca-Cola demanded that Sainsburys modify its packaging, claiming that the brands resembalance stopped customers fr om discerning between them. The supermarket chain acquiesced, but significantly decreased the rival brands share of shelf space in stores. In a new effort at novelty, Sainsburys launched Sainsburys Bank ing February 1997, becoming the first supermarket organisation to open a fully licensed retail bank. A joint undertaking 56 percent owned by Sainsbury and 44percent by Bank of Scotland, Sainsburys Bank originally offered telephone banking services in Sainsbury supermarkets, including two credit cards and two savings accounts. By early 1997 the new bank had 710,000 customer accounts with  £1.6billion on deposit and had begun contributing personal loans and mortgages. A entire host of additional economic services were introduced over the new little years. Sainsburys Bank was lucrative for the first time in fiscal 2000. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/88/J-Sainsbury-plc.html 3.3 evaluation and review measure for the agreed plan of Sainsbury Sainsburys are abounding with continuous market research data from recognized sources such as Mintel and Nielsen and also from related suppliers who may have commissioned research. customer research can be:   qualitative (e.g. group discussions, taste panels)   Quantitative (e.g. large scale shopper surveys). But developers also need to be aware of: marketplace trends These can also be monitored through presence food related exhibitions, spirited shopping and visiting countries overseas. Food   health styles and   lifestyle trends The team will look at expediency food use, particular person household data and any issue that could influence product growth. These come from Government information or client suggestions, e.g. Our Healthier Nation. Report and request for lower fat choices led to the expansion of the Sainsburys Be Good to Yourself variety. Sainsburys possess knowledge management systems give NPD teams admission to the latest best practice, allow them to share ideas via an ideas bank and find out from previous teams experiences in developing other products. Ideas may initiate from many sources, e.g. Sainsburys idea developers, suppliers and customers. Develop concept samples to own Brand Strategy 1.   Preparing product idea brief PLAN: The project squad explores the different product alternative available with select supplier(s). Sainsburys must propose a supplier to produce the product this decision is base on a number of aspects such as the quality of product samples and costs submitted, as well as their past performance on present lines produced. No producer can supply Sainsburys unless they have been visited, assessed and accepted. This ensures that the product will be manufactured to Sainsburys severe safety and quality standards. A product idea concise is also produced at this stage. A product conception brief is an first outline of the product and considers aspects such as the plan of the packaging, the pack size, important product attributes (e.g. % chicken) and any on-pack claims (e.g. low fat). Samples are often ready in the kitchen at this stage for an early sensory assessment these are known as kitchen samples. 2. idea Vs the Brief ACTION: Working with one or more suppliers, samples are shaped. At the same time, product safety is examined and prices are broken down for investigation. The safety of a product must be examined at the initial possible stage in the development procedure no product can be initiated without Product Safety endorsement. This assessment is called Hazard investigation and Risk evaluation. HACCP is a key part of this procedure. Suppliers are asked to give a flow chart of the process from the sourcing and receiving of ingredients and covering right through the manufacture, packing, storage and supply of the product. At each point in the process a team of Sainsburys expert spot potential food safety hazards and make a decision to controls and checks that must be put in place to guarantee the safety of the finished product. 3.   justification of Samples CONFIRM: The manufactured goods are trailed and tested. This step will also include sensory assessment. Samples of the product are continuously tested and examined throughout the growth process. A Quality feature Sheet sets out criteria for the look, smell, taste and texture of a product. The product is described in feature, listing precisely how a perfect product should do These criterion are obvious on a scale from 1 to 3. 1=reject and 3=meets quality. Sensory assessment may be carried out by the supplier as well as Sainsburys in its Food Centre. The centre has a range of amenities which are used to perform sensory valuation. The sensory booths are used to record the responses from tasters via a contestant. The program can record their preferences (i.e. likes and dislikes) for a variety of products, or evidence descriptions. http://www.activekidsgetcooking.org.uk/activekidsgetcooking/Secondary+Awards/Pupil+Information/The+five+gate+model+for+NPD.htm Conclusion In this report i have tried to discuss briefly the strategic plan and marketing plan of tesco and also tried to explain different between the two phenomenas and we learned that how much its important for an organisation to make its marketing plan which actually determines the future of the company. REFRENCES http://lexicon.ft.com/term.asp?t=strategic-marketing http://www.activekidsgetcooking.org.uk/activekidsgetcooking/Secondary+Awards/Pupil+Information/The+five+gate+model+for+NPD.htm http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/88/J-Sainsbury-plc.html http://www.asiamarketresearch.com/columns/market4.htm http://brandstrategy.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/sainsburys-joins-tesco-in-buy-one-get-one-later-deals/ http://www.supplychaindigital.com/taking-command-supply-chain http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/er_2002_eti.pdf (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() http://www.thinkbox.tv/server/show/ConCaseStudy.763 http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar10/businessreview/corporateobjectives.shtml http://www.entrepreneur.com/marketing/marketingbasics/marketingplan/article43018.html http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/cr2007/index.asp?pageid=86

Defining State Sovereignty Essay example -- Government, Treaties of Os

DEFINING STATE SOVEREIGNTY State sovereignty is a broad concept†¦it is actually a two-in-one concept – state and sovereignty. In order to get a proper meaning of the concept I will therefore break it up and define each concept separately. I will start by defining state which in simple language means a community of people living together in a confined territory with an internally and externally recognized institution to protect them. Sovereignty on its part can be defined as externally recognized right and freedom of a state (the unit of analysis of sovereignty) to conduct its affairs. Sovereignty provides the state with territorial integrity and enables it to enjoy recognition in the international politics. If we now join the two concepts we can define state sovereignty as the freedom of state to make decisions within its defined geographical boundaries. Internally, state sovereignty entails the distribution of power within the state while externally is about the state’s role within the international order and to whether or not it is able to operate as an independent and autonomous actor (Heywood 2004, pp90). SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONCEPT The significance of state sovereignty lies in its structure – it combines two very key concepts of IR – state and sovereignty – key actors in international relations. State sovereignty also involves obligation and authority - the state’s obligation to its citizenry (and same actors) as well as its power (authority) to make decision within its defined geographical boundaries. Above all it is a fundamental part of contemporary politics and the international law, according to Westphalian concept. It is a concept which provides order, stability and predictability in International Relations (I... ...r even when no state desires it. The classic example of that is the WWI. Similarly, Iran’s nuclear programme which has stirred up heated debates and objections from super powers, the US in particular, is also both a matter of global security which liberalism is firm about and the realists’ concept of power balance. Realists would on one hand support Iran’s move saying as a sovereign state it has the right to develop nuclear weapons and that the move would actually be healthy for the country. On the other they would see it as a costly and dangerous move that might end up triggering nuclear race (Dunne, Kurki, Smith 2010, 63). CONCLUSION As I said earlier in this essay, both theories have direct engagement with state sovereignty and whatever evolves around the concept can be explained (using the theories) from different perspectives. =====================

Racial Discrimination Against African Americans in the U.S. Labor Market

Racial Discrimination against African Americans in the U. S. Labor Market Josefina Anorga Carlos Albizu University Abstract The following work deals with racial discrimination against African Americans in the workplace. Terms as racial discrimination, racism, race and African Americans are going to be defined to a greater understanding of these. It presents different types of discrimination at work, statistics of the African American population who works in the U. S. , the way how it is changing over the years and the laws and entities that protect discrimination at the workforce. Racial Discrimination against African Americans in the Labor Market There are many ethnic and racial groups in the United States, such as Euro Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, American Indians, Latin Americans, and others. Some of these groups have faced severe discrimination in social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. In our days, there are still large differences among these groups in areas like employment opportunities, income, education, criminal justice, voting and elections, health, and other fields. Because of this, many ways of unequal opportunities and discriminatory treatment persists in the United States in many ways, especially with African Americans. The term African Americans, also called Afro-Americans or Blacks, refers to residents or citizens of the United States who have African origins. It also describes a very diverse group of people in the American society. They may come from different ethnic backgrounds such as African, Caribbean, Central American or South American. According to Robert Hill in â€Å"The Strength of Black Families† African Americans have family characteristics such as strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, adaptable family roles, high achievement orientation, and strong religious orientation (Harry, 1992; Hairston, 1983). Afro-Americans make up collective family structure and subjects like family and spirituality are very important for them. Although the number of African American Muslims has increased, their choice of religions tends to be Christianity (Harry, 1992). Even though the workplace is more diverse than ever and there is more consciousness of racial discrimination, African Americans, a racial-ethnic minority group in the United States, still have to face many discrimination problems. Many people in the U. S. have prejudices about African Americans describing them as inferior. â€Å"Research in social psychology suggests that categorizing individuals on the basis of salient, observable characteristics such as race, gender, age, and even patterns of dress and speech is inevitable, occurs automatically, and activates biases associated with these characteristics (Measuring Racial Discrimination, 2004). There are also many stereotypes that qualify them as poor, unemployed, unintelligent, uneducated, smelly, dirty, lazy, and also violent offenders. Discrimination means unequal treatment. To treat an individual or group of people differently based on their racial origins is called Racial Discrimination. It is also important to understand two terms that will be mentioned throughout the project, and those are: race and racism. The term race was used to distinguish populations in different areas on the basis of differing physical characteristics that had developed over time, such as skin color, facial features, and other characteristics† (Blank, Dabady, Citro, 2004), and â€Å"according to the US Civil Rights Commission 2010, racism is an action or attitude, conscious or unconscious, that subordinates and individual or group based on skin color or race. It can be enacted individually or institutionally†. The United States has been dominated in many aspects including the work place since the colonial era by the predominant group, Euro-Americans or Whites. White men are twice as likely to get management jobs as qualified black men, and three times as likely as black women (Smith & Elliott, 2004). It is expected that by the year 2050 Whites are not going to be the predominant group in this nation anymore. This is because the demographics are changing very fast and many of the minority groups are increasing enormously. By the year 2000, African Americans comprised the United States largest racial minority group comprehending 12. 3 percent of the total population Nowadays Latin Americans are the largest minority group in the U. S. ollowed by Afro-Americans that are expected to be 15% by the year 2050. Seventeen million were the number of Blacks that worked in the United States by the year 2000 and it is expected that by the year 2050 there will be 27 millions of this group in the workforce. This significant amount represents an important part of the population for this country (U. S. Census, 2001). As mentioned before, diversity in the U. S. workplace is growing fast and it is bringing more opportunities to the minority groups. But just as it brings positive things, also brings challenges, such as racial or ethnic discrimination, especially against African Americans. Although there are many types of racial discrimination, two of the most important and most common in the workplace are Direct Racial Discrimination and Indirect Racial Discrimination. The Direct Racial Discrimination is intentional and easier to recognize because the employee does not try to hide being discriminatory with another employee, but this can be very difficult to prove. In most of the cases, the person who is discriminating believes that the discriminated employee or co-worker is not going to blame or take any action against them. Some examples for this type of discrimination could be when an employee jokes that blacks cannot sit with whites while having lunch or when simply an employee makes uncomfortable comments and jokes about the skin color of another worker knowing that he is listening just to make him feel humiliated in front of other people (Mighealth, 2007). The second type of discrimination is Indirect Racial Discrimination. It is when a supervisor or employee is committing an act of racial discrimination but tries to hide it so that it does not seem they are discriminating against the other employee. It is to place a group of African Americans in disadvantage with other groups and it is also very difficult to prove because those actions can be justified very easily. Examples of this type of racial discrimination could be when a black employee is not recognized for their job or being denied for deserved promotions while Euro Americans are not. Other cases of this type of discrimination could be when a supervisor gives similar tasks that require the same amount of work to all their subordinates but more difficult tasks to African Americans or also, not evaluating their jobs as they do with the others (Mighealth, 2007). It is important to emphasize that many American companies are reported annually because of racial discrimination against African American employees. An example of this are the cases of two American companies Nike, a sportswear company, and Walgreens, the largest drugstore chain in the U. S. In the year 2007, 4 former employees of the Nike Company, who used to work in the Niketown store in Chicago, filed a racial discrimination lawsuit against the company. They accused one of the managers from the store for eferring to black employees and customers using inappropriate and discriminatory language, making false accusations against them, segregating them to low-paying jobs and sending security guards to closely monitor both employees and black customers (ABC News, July 31, 2007). According to the CBS 2, 2007, a lawsuit against Walgreens was filed based on the widespread racial bias toward thousands of black employees. The company was accused of making decisions about employee promotions and assignments based on race. There are two important entities that defend racial discrimination in the workplace in the United States. These are the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). The Civil Rights Act says that is illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or a current employee because of the person’s skin color, national origin, religion, sex, age, disability or genetic information. It is also illegal to discriminate against a person because they have complained of discrimination, filed charges of discrimination or has participated in an investigation of employment discrimination. This law applies to all work situations including personnel selection, hiring, firing, promotions, harassment, training, salaries and benefits. The EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws against discrimination in the workplace. In the year 2007 according to the statistics issued by this Commission, 30,510 racial discrimination charges were recorded, compared with 82, 792 total charges in the workplace. In 2006 75, 768 charges were reported and 27, 238 or 35% were related to racial discrimination. In 2007, charges of racial discrimination increased 12% from the previous year, reaching their highest level in 13 years. By the year 2009, 33, 579 were the charges reported. There is an increase in discrimination against African Americans in the labor area as the statistics show, and this is expected to continue growing over the years. Racial discrimination is a social problem that is learned and can be solved with education and the help of government authorities and the various companies that comprise the workforce in the United States. Diversity in business is very beneficial, either to avoid charges of discrimination, increase productivity or the company's corporate image. Every individual, regardless of their skin color or origin, have the right as a human being, to be treated in a fair way. References Hairston, E. , & Smith, L. (1983). Black and deaf in America. Silver Springs, MD, TJ Publishers, Inc . Harry, B. (1992). Cultural diversity, families, and special education       system: Communication and empowerment. New York, NY, Teachers       College. US Civil Rights Commission (2010, January). . Retrieved January       30, 2010 from , U. S. Government Web site: http://www. usccr. gov/ Blank, R. M. , Dabady, M. , Citro. C. F. (2004). Measuring racial       discrimination. National Research Council. Retrieved from http:       //www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record_id=10887=26 Smith, R. A. , Elliott, J. (2004). Race, Gender, and Workplace Power,. , 69, . doi:10. 1177/000312240406900303 Grieco, E. M. , & Cassidy, R. C. (2001). Overview race and Hispanic       origin 2000. Retrieved January 31, 2010 from , U. S. Census       Bureau Web site: http://www. census. gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-1. pdf Mighealthnet (). Explanations of race discrimination. , , 1. Retrieved from ht       tp://mighealth. net/uk/index. hp/Explanations_of_Race_Discrimination Clark, A. S. (2007, March 7). Feds sue Walgreen Co. for bias class-action       lawsuit alleges drugstore chain discriminates against black       workers. CBS 2, , 1. Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/stor       ies/2007/03/07/business/main2546179. shtml U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (). Charge statistics       fy 1997 t hrough fy 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2010 from , U. S. Government Web site: http://www. eeoc. gov/eeoc/statistics/enforcement/charges. cfm Appendix [pic] EEOC, 2009 Appendix [pic] Census, 2000 Appendix [pic] Census, 2008 [pic][pic]

Impact of Preschooling on Primary Enrollemnet Rate and School Performance Essay

Education is an undeniable tool for nation building. It is a process of orderly instruction and training to pass on knowledge, attitudes and aptitudes to people intended at nurturing them to play proactive roles in the development of their nation. But in Pakistan the condition of education is unsatisfactory. According to Secretary of State for International Development, Andrew Mitchell, ‘Pakistan is facing an education emergency. The facts are shocking. Half the adult population and two thirds of the [female] population is illiterate’ (Mitchell, 2012). Pakistan is significantly off track on MDG 2, achieving universal primary education by 2015. Furthermore, almost half of children enrolled do not complete their primary education this is an alarming figure. Similarly the literacy rate of Khyber Pakhtoon khwa (KPK) is very low it is 50%. For females, it is 30 % females while for males it is 70 %. It is a huge gender disparity where an important part of the society has such a low literacy rate. In 2010-11, 45% students have been dropped out at government primary schools level over a complete circle of 6 years. It includes 39% boys and 53% girls. Apart from economic and cultural factors the other reason for high dropout rate is that most of the students don’t academically score well in primary schools and hence fail to promote to higher classes. There base is not strong so there is a dire need to familiarize children of the age of 3 to 5 years with education which is done through Pre schooling, instead of directly enrolling them to primary schools Government of KPK, 2010. So the seed of education is sown by pre schooling. Pre schooling is a stepping stone and foundation for all the succeeding phases of further education. It is a tool which helps to acquaint and prepare children with schooling. A substantial body of research establishes that preschool education can improve the learning and cognitive development of young children. There is a positive impact of pre schooling on the cognitive and social development of a child this is discussed in detail by many researchers like Shonkoff and Philips (2000) and Gormley (2005). Furthermore it’s concluded that the academic performance of a child in primary schools is enhanced by enrollment in pre schools which includes their reading, mathematical performance and adjustment issues in primary schools. (Currie, 2002), Katherine et al. , 2006 and Entwisle, 2012). Parents play an important role in academic learning of children and in sending their children to preschools; this includes the education level of the parents, their perception of education and their income level which in other words drive them to send their children to preschools Fagbeminiyi (2011). In case of Pakistan there is little body of research available on pre schooling, which is on rudimentary basis and not very detailed, a lot of areas are still untouched as the concept is still new for Pakistan. Studies have been conducted but still there is a lot needed to be done. This turned out to be the focus of our study which is clearly discussed in the problem statement, i. e what are different forms of pre schooling and their impact on Primary school performance and enrollment. When broadly divided there are basically two types of pre schooling, Formal pre schooling and Informal pre schooling. Studies have been conducted on just formal pre schooling and its impact but partial or almost none of them are about informal pre schooling and its impact on enrollment and academic performance. As both are substantially different from each other. Informal pre schooling is learning that takes place informally at home mostly by Primary Group. A primary group is a typically small social group whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships and this includes, immediate family parents and siblings and relatives. In informal pre schooling learning aims are not pre-fixed. Medium used for education is also informal mostly done through tools like games, stories, rhymes. No specific scheduling is done or a specific syllabus is followed. Individual attention is given to the child its good but there is no spirit of competition and social skills of kids cannot be developed extensively. Whereas, Formal pre schooling is done in schools or madarassas, these are formal institutions. It is carried about by secondary group which interact on a less personal level then primary group and their contact is temporary. In formal pre schooling children belonging to same age group attend formalized classes, different books are followed, and they have rules, regulations and objectives. Students gain knowledge, skills and appropriate behavior by being in lessons of various subjects. Teachers follow schedule and lesson plan. Students are involved in various activities curricular and co-curricular, and from these activities their performance is assessed. Students performing to an expected level are promoted to next higher level grades. Medium of instruction and environment in both types of pre schooling is different hence their impact should be different as well. Because of which research will be conducted in KPK area to measure the academic performances and enrollment rate of the children who attended formal pre schooling and those who attended informal pre schooling. This will be done on the basis of in depth interviews and questionnaire survey of the primary teachers. The objective of this case study will be to find the answer of the following researchable questions: 1. What is the status of pre schooling in general and specifically formal and informal in particular and its impact on primary school enrolment in KPK? 2. How is formal different from informal pre schooling? 3. How does formal pre schooling effect the enrollment in primary schools? Formal pre schooling Informal pre schooling. Games Stories competition evaluation Social skills Rules and regulations Individual attention Primary school enrollment Academic Performance Reading skills Mathematical Social skills Unstructured References Currie, J and Thomas (1995) Does Head Start Make a Difference? American Economic Review, 85(3), p. 340-342. F. Fagbeminiyi. (2011) The Role of Parents in Early Childhood Education: A Case Study of Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11 (2), p. 3-5. Gormley, W. T, Philips, D. , and Dawson, B. (2005) The Effects of Universal Pre-k on Cognitive Development. Developmental Psychology, 41 (6), p. 872-873. Government of KPK, 2010. â€Å"Annual Education Statistical Report† (2010): 3-15. Government of KPK. Mitchell, 2012. â€Å"Education Key for Pakistan’s Future: Development Secretary Andrew Mitchell. † www. dfid. gov. uk/Media-Room/Press-releases/2010/Pakistan-visit/ Shonkoff, J. P. and Phillips, D. A. ( 2000) From Neurons to Neighborhood: The Science of Early Child Development. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. p. 2-4.

Social Media †Facebook

Social Media – Facebook Facebook is among the most popular social media networking sites in today’s times. Facebook is highly popular due to its multiple applications and ease of communication it offers to the user. It allows users to share pictures, events and statuses in a single platform.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook has a number of benefits such as the ability to form groups, chat with friends and find information on multiple topics. Facebook is also highly informative due to the multiple pages on a host of topics including but not limited to health, education, science, exercise etc. It is also an ideal communication platform for relatives, friends and members of family who can stay connected to a single platform. More recently, mobile companies have enabled users to connect to Facebook through their phones. Mobile phone technology such as GPRS now allows users to access Facebook from any location. This feature has made Facebook extremely popular among today’s generation. Staying connected has never been so simple and effective than it is on Facebook. Talking to friends and relatives or family members is now possible with a single Facebook account which is a perfect platform to chat and communicate. A more recent addition to the online chat program is the video calling feature which has gained immense popularity. Not only can one talk to people but also see them live with the help of this video chat feature. Individuals no longer have to yearn to keep in touch with their friends and dear ones. A single Facebook account enables users to achieve several functions all at once.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another very important feature of Facebook is the online gaming portal which it offers to its users. T here are hundreds of thousands of games on Facebook which one can play at any given time. The interesting aspect is the ability to play these games with friends. There are multiple games like Poker, Diamond Dash, Zuma, Farm Heroes Sage and others on Facebook. Playing these games is a unique and special experience since it allows users to interact with friends and engage in healthy competition. There are no additional costs and users can play games absolutely free of cost. Facebook is becoming a highly successful platform not only for making new friends and finding old ones, but for accessing global and local news as well. Most of the news and media companies have launched their Facebook pages. This feature has added the extra benefit to Facebook, making it educational and purposeful. Besides being a medium to interact and communicate, Facebook has become a marketing platform for many popular brands. Today, one can easily access all the famous global brands on Facebook. Several small time businesses have become successful on Facebook. People, who do not have the capital to open a store, have launched their products on Facebook, gaining financial success and recognition. One can buy practically anything on Facebook from shoes, bags, accessories, clothes, phones, laptops, electronic etc. Many of these online stores offer the facility to make online payments and deliver goods to the buyer’s home.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, through Facebook, people can engage in a host of activities such as playing games, interacting with friends, chatting, video conferencing, marketing, buying, selling and numerous others. Facebook is no longer only a social networking site to stay connected with friends and family. It has become a platform with online marketing options for the users. When used responsibly, Facebook is an excellent m edium for several purposes with extremely low cost and high benefits to the users.

Analysis of Holy Water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Holy Water - Essay Example Water is an uncontrollable force and people find joy living in the illusion that they can control the uncontrollable. She is not cynical of people that don’t share her intensity of love for water, she merely shows in a very subtle and delicate way that people consider water another commodity, they take it for granted whereas it is a force of nature, and in some parts of the world it is extremely scarce. True value for this blessing can be observed in those remote areas of land where people collect it drop by drop. That is why people (including Didion) show due respect to water while others might consider that overdue. The technique used in this essay is predominantly not of ethos or logos, but of pathos. Didion clearly states that she is simply obsessed with water, not by its politics but by its flow, how the water flows in ducts and pipes and drains. She meditates thinking about this natural force. The weird thing is she was once caught in the river passageway in a military-raft when she was seventeen and instead of panicking, she was ‘deliriously happy’. She highlights how water moves around from one place to another and how it has become commodity that is released or held according to supply and demand. UNIVAC 418 machine has been mentioned probably referring to the ‘mechanics’ of water control. People have devised water-speak like â€Å"putting some over the hill† and â€Å"pulling it down† to indicate the movement of water. They move around water in a mechanical fashion. Didion points this out when she missed her chance of ‘draining the quail’. She deemed that a vocation that she missed and puts it as missing on her ‘instinctive affinity’. To her it was a matter of utmost significance to be able to control the magnificence of huge water reservoirs. The complain Didion makes is that people don’t realize how water affects their daily lives. Even if there is someone she talks to on this

Developing Business Plans. (Quick Take Expresso) Essay

Developing Business Plans. (Quick Take Expresso) - Essay Example The company will be a partnership business with two partners who will manage the regular business activities. Each owner will have share of 50% and assist each other with accounting and back office support. Quick Take Expresso is liable to pay income tax on its gross profits. The owners will have to handle all legal, monetary and managerial duties concerning business. The partnership business structure will help to expand the business (Fair Trading, â€Å"Business Structures†). 2.1 Mission Statement The vision of Quick Take Expresso is to become one of the preferred destinations for coffee and snacks in Bonn. The company will provide good meal experience to the students, travelers and local customers as compared to other competitors. The vision of the cafe is to rapidly increase the profitability so that it can attract potential investors to invest in the business in near future. The marketing and sales strategies of Quick Take Expresso will help to maintain the demand of the products towards customers. The teenage and the adult customer groups will probably enjoy the services and the pleasant environment of Quick Take Expresso. Quick Take Expresso will provide best effort in order to develop an exclusive brand image in the mind of customers where they can properly socialize with the friends in a comfortable and calming environment while enjoying the great tastes of Quick Take Expresso’s products. The motive of the business is to assist the customers so that they can get rid of their daily work and educational strains and to provide piece of mind through great environment, suitable location, welcoming customer service and delicious meals. Quick Take Expresso will reinvest the amount... The vision of Quick Take Expresso is to become one of the preferred destinations for coffee and snacks in Bonn. The company will provide good meal experience to the students, travelers and local customers as compared to other competitors. The vision of the cafà © is to rapidly increase the profitability so that it can attract potential investors to invest in the business in near future. The marketing and sales strategies of Quick Take Expresso will help to maintain the demand of the products towards customers. The teenage and the adult customer groups will probably enjoy the services and the pleasant environment of Quick Take Expresso. Quick Take Expresso will provide best effort in order to develop an exclusive brand image in the mind of customers where they can properly socialize with the friends in a comfortable and calming environment while enjoying the great tastes of Quick Take Expresso’s products. The motive of the business is to assist the customers so that they can get rid of their daily work and educational strains and to provide piece of mind through great environment, suitable location, welcoming customer service and delicious meals. Quick Take Expresso will reinvest the amount of profit for improving the infrastructure of the business and for enhancing the employee satisfaction which can lead to better service and thus better customer satisfaction.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 107

Discussion - Essay Example There is a clear argument on the place of the church in combating witchcraft, through hunting the using the spirit. It is clear that the church did possess a fundamental role in combating the witchcraft woes. Even when a friend or an enemy accused somebody, what followed was immediate prosecution without even confirmation of the events or the authenticity of the information. It was too unjust, even as the try to ensure that every person did heed to the societal norms. In the discussion, there are claims that the church even took advantage of the witchcraft issue, and could punish any person who did not follow it precepts, with the claim that they were in possession of the witch. All that did instill fear among people. Such people were punished and excommunicated from all the societal activities (Barry, Jonathan, Marianne & Roberts, pg. 318). Essentially, the analysis of the discussion led to a rise of various concepts that were not there previously. Most significantly, the role of the church in combating the witchcraft issues was not praised. The church had ventured in the earthly aspects and forgotten their core mandate, which is spreading the Good News of the Risen Christ. Prosecution through death was also against the Christian teachings, as the Ten Commandments stipulate that one should not kill. Only God has the power to take life away. It is so sad that even before one was presumed guilty, he or she was already prosecuted. There does emerge a very sensitive issue. Does the church follow the aspects of justice? How did they establish that whatever was being said was the utmost truth? Torture was rampant, and it did remain so contradicting that the church was not in a position to preach about justice, but rather coerced all the

The Body Shop Essay Example for Free

The Body Shop Essay Introduction The body shop was founded by Dame Anita Roddick in the year 1976. However on July 12, 2006 body shop was delisted from the London stock exchange and is currently being operated under independent management under the L’Oreal group with the able guidance of current CEO Sophie Gassperment. The body shop has been in the personal grooming and toiletries industry since 1976. Over the years the body shop has gained reputation in being one of the leading brands in the industry which not only focusses on an individual well-being but also the well-being of the planet and all associated with the company. The body shop has 2500 stores in over 60 countries Market share and competition The sales estimations of body shop show that a sales transaction is made every 0.4 seconds and has a existing customer base of 77 million up until 2011. The body shop annual sales is 855 million euros and operating profit is 77 million euros with an estimated growth of 13.9% annually. Product description Beer shampoo and conditioner 2in 1 The product contains actual beer which provides shine bounce and volume to the hair. USP’s 2 in 1 shampoo +conditioner Made from 100% natural and organic product Volumizing shampoo Anti-frizz shampoo Moisturizes hair Suitable for all hair types Customer value The product suits all hair types of both men and women providing them with same results of shiny glossy and soft hair. It will enable the customer to not only save time but also save money as they would not have to spend on buying separate bottles of shampoo and conditioner. Target Market

The Purpose Of A Movie Analysis Film Studies Essay

The Purpose Of A Movie Analysis Film Studies Essay Film analysis is an important part of understanding films although this is overlooked by many people. There are various elements of films which are brought together to give the final outcome and enable the audience grasp the story. Some of these elements are very visible such as actors while others may not be clear such as the theme of the movie. Elements in films include actors, storyline, images, motion, time, background sound, composition, sequence, lighting and others (King, 2002). These elements usually undergo processes such as filming and editing among others. The overall quality of the elements and processing techniques in totality determines the success of a film. It is important to analyze all elements which are brought together in a film in order to assess the effectiveness of the film in achieving the objectives of the producers. This is also important since it helps explain why some films are more successful than others. This paper will discuss how movie analysis is done and how meaning is found in a film and how to interpret it. My personal criteria used in movie evaluation will also be discussed in the paper. The discussed issues will be summarized at the end of the paper. How to analyze an entire movie There are various strategies used when analyzing movies. Different movie analysts use different criteria although there are various elements which form the basis of movie analysis. This section of the paper will discuss how a movie is analyzed and the various aspects which are assessed during movie analysis. Effectiveness of storyline and dialog This is one important aspect of a movie used in analyzing the overall success of a movie. The storyline creates a platform for development of the movie. In a successful storyline, the audience should be able to easily relate with the theme and dialog between characters in the movie (Pollick, 2011). Successful movies use scenarios and dialog which actors are comfortable with. This makes it easier to convey the storyline to the audience. Movies which are considered less successful use scenarios and dialog which constrict the actors and make it difficult to convey the storyline. Less successful movies feature obscene language or poor conveyance of thought in a manner in which thoughts appear to be from the screenwriter as opposed to the character. A movie analyst asks themselves whether the dialog appeared to honest or whether there was a logical progression of scenes. The analyst should further ask themselves whether all scenes necessary to effectively give the storyline were present. Finally, they should assess whether the movie had any dialog or language which made it impossible to effectively understand the movie. These are basic questions which guide movie analysts when assessing whether dialog and the storyline in a movie are effective. Set pieces and background In any movie, the background plays a very important role in presenting the storyline and movie in general to the audience. The role pf photography in a movie is to enhance the characters and make the storyline more realistic to audiences under the circumstances. There is need to develop a proper atmosphere when presenting a movie to an audience. In order to analyze whether the set pieces and background is effective for the movie, one should ignore dialog and the actors for a brief duration. During this time, a movie analyst should assess the costumes used, sets, scenery, colors and shapes which have been used in the film. These elements are used to create the desired ambience or mood. In addition, the use of darkness and light as well as fog and shadow should not be overlooked since these play an important role in producing background effects. However, all these elements should be used sparingly and they should not overwhelm viewers. In general, the analyst should ask themselves whet her the background used distracted his or her to the storyline or whether it complemented the storyline. Performance of actors This is another major aspect which dictates the success or failure of a movie. Performance of actors should be judged both when they are acting in the main action and even when they are part of the background. In successful movies, actors roles push forward the plot of the movie or assist audiences develop particular characters in their minds. They should be judged even when they are part of the background since the audience feels the presence of such actors. Actors chosen should fit into the roles they play and they should complement each other as opposed to competing against each other. They should also portray the emotions which accompany the roles they play in different scenes in order to make the film appear realistic to the audience. When a film analyst is analyzing performance of actors, she or he should ask themselves whether actors fit into the roles they played and whether they complemented the parts played by other actors. They should also ask themselves whether their perf ormance made the movie more realistic to the audience or not. Editing This is one of the most important processes which any film undergoes. In fact, most critics are of the opinion that significant work in any movie begins at the editing stage. There are many movies which have good storylines and actors but they fail to capture the audience due to poor editing. Such movies feature many scenes which do not add to the plot or have those which are important left out. Others have poor editing techniques and audiences are exposed to obvious mistakes every time there is a transition to a new scene. Editing of movies should be done in a professional manner in which the audience is unable to notice any edited parts. When a film analyst is analyzing a movie, he or she should look for confusing parts especially when transiting to new scenes. He or she should also look for the synchronization between actors words and actions in order to judge the success of the editing process. In movies which have action scenes, these scenes should gradually build to climax with out losing the captivation and interest of the audience. Successful movies flow smoothly between scenes which gradually develop the theme or plot of the story. Directors fingerprints Most directors have distinct styles which characterize movies they produce. Directors understand the scriptwriters intentions, actors skills and how the crew operates. Due to this reasons, films usually leave a signature which is unique to directors. After a film is completed, it should have the feel and look of the director who directed the movie. In order to assess the directors signature in a movie, the analyst should research previous movies done by the directors and any distinct styles which she or he uses. The analyst should also analyze the reputation which the director has from the perspective of other directors and filmmakers. Signature elements which are unique to directors include edgy dialog, familiar actors, creative background music or unique camera perspectives and angles. These elements assist a film analyst to analyze a movie and conclude whether it was successful or not. How to find and interpret meaning in movies Finding and interpreting meaning in movies is usually challenging to audiences especially if the film is of low quality. Many people watch a movie and wonder what its theme or meaning was after it is over. However, there are various techniques which may be used to find meaning and some of them will be discussed below; Analyzing how characters react to conflict This is a common approach which should be used by analyst when finding meaning in movies. Many movies have simple concepts at the face level but once someone analyzes how characters react to conflict with other characters or events, it becomes clear the meaning or theme of the movie. Conflict in movies is usually represented as dramatic action or dialog. Dramatic action should be interpreted by watching characters actions in order to expose underlying meaning (Hagener TÃ ¶teberg, 2002). Action is usually interpreted through analyzing the unspoken. When searching for meaning, the changes which characters undergo as a result of experiencing conflict, exposes the underlying meaning in movies. Changes on the main character throughout the movie This is a similar approach to finding meaning in movies. It involves analyzing the character of the main actor at the beginning of the movie and at the end in order to view any changes which they may have experienced. Main characters usually change after experiencing certain events within the movie. They are usually faced with challenges and experiences which require decision making and choices. These decisions and choices change the character of the actor. Understanding the changes which occur to the main character and the factors which influenced these changes will enable a movie analyst to find meaning in film. Personal experiences There is consensus among many directors that movies may have different meaning to different people based on experiences. Some people may have different interpretations of the same movie based on experiences they have. In order to find meaning, the audience may therefore be forced to analyze their personal experiences and relate them to the movie. Many movies feature themes which relate to social norms and experiences and it is therefore easy for a movie analyst to find meaning within his or her experiences in society. Cultural influences Every film is based on a certain culture which may be real or fictional. Particular characters in the film either follow such cultures or rebel against them. This is the basis of creation of a villain and hero within the movie. When the actions of characters in the totality of the film are assessed based on the popular culture in the film, it is possible to derive meaning from the film. The presence of villains and heroes who either follow or rebel against the prevailing culture drives an analyst in finding meaning of the movie. This strategy works both for fictional or real life acts. Analyzing contradictions within the film Finally, another effective way of understanding meaning of film is through analyzing contradictions inherent in the movie. The major elements of a film include sound, editing, cinematography, settings, theme, character and narrative. By studying any contradiction which may be present between these elements, one can derive meaning from film. For instance, contradictions between actors actions and words or between soundtracks and images may present a deeper meaning in film. My personal criteria for evaluating movies When evaluating movies, there are certain steps which I follow and some of them are included in the strategies which have been discussed above. The first step involves watching the movie carefully and patiently in order to understand the storyline. This should be the first objective of any film analyst since the storyline provides the basis for analyzing a movie. Understanding the storyline involves connecting the sub-plots and scenes together in order to develop one overall story. After watching the film, the second step is finding meaning. I believe that any effective film analyst should first understand meaning of a film before he or she gives an opinion of whether it was successful or not. In order to understand meaning in film, I usually use two strategies. The first involves studying the behavioral changes in the main actor as a result of experiences in the movie. The choices and decisions made as a result of experiences which in turn alter their character is an effective way of understanding meaning. The second strategy involves analyzing the cultural influences on characters. The behavior of characters in the context of the dominant culture in the movie has helped me interpret meaning in film. Finally, any experiences which I may have relating to the storyline also help me in finding meaning of a movie. After understanding meaning of a movie, the third step is assessing the effectiveness of the various elements of the film. These include the sound, editing, cinematography, settings, theme, character and narrative. I usually analyze all these elements independently and judge whether they were effectively used or not. I also analyze the connection between various elements in order to make the overall movie. I usually use the guidelines which have been discussed in the paper when analyzing the elements. After this analysis, I consider the elements, storyline and theme of the film in totality, in order to give an opinion on whether a film was successful or not. I consider a film to be successful its storyline is interesting, theme relevant and if all elements have been effectively used in developing the movie. Summary and conclusion Various aspects of film analysis have been discussed in the paper. Film analysis involves analyzing film elements, the storyline and theme in order to develop a conclusion of the success of the movie. In order to effectively analyze a movie, various elements are assessed and these include effectiveness of storyline and dialog, set pieces and background, performance of actors, editing and the directors fingerprints. These elements should all be interlinked and they should flow to give the movie a clear storyline. In order to find meaning in movies, various factors are analyzed and these include analysis of how characters react to conflict, changes on the main character throughout the movie, personal experiences, cultural influences and analysis of contradictions within the film. Meaning and effectiveness of elements used should be taken in totality when determining the success of a movie. However, one should be careful when finding meaning since different people may have different mea nings to the same movie due to different cultural experiences.